PLATE 2.33. WORKER ABDOMINAL SPIRACLE

TOP RIGHT Spiracular aperture (arrow), visible directly below the origin of the hind wing posterior margin. The rather triangular lateral pleurite to the left of the spiracle is the supraepisternum of the metathorax. ( x 43)

TOP LEFT Close-up of the spiracular aperture and the inner longitudinal ridge that is part of the closing valve. A cuticular rim circles this, the largest of all worker spiracles. ( x 350)

BOTTOM RIGHT Second abdominal spiracle (arrow) The mesothoracic and then metathoracic coxae are visible (bottom left). (x 43)

BOTTOM LEFT Second abdominal spiracle showing its overall external shape and cuticular rim. (x 350)